№9 (165) — 2022

Abstract. The article deals with the activities of Metropolitan Kliment Smolyatich, his appointment to the cathedra and the ensuing disputes in the ecclesiastical and political environment of Medieval Russia.

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the situation in Germany regarding the “Nord Stream – 2” project. The author considers the main historical milestones that gave development to the project, as well as the difficulties encountered with its implementation. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in such a dynamic time it is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment as to whether the gas pipeline will be able to start functioning, despite its full technical readiness. However, the objective reality is that the commissioning of the “Nord Stream – 2”, despite all the obstacles, will benefit not only Germany and Russia, but also many other European consumers. During the research, the method of analysis, comparative historical and institutional approaches were used to obtain the necessary information, which made it possible to fully consider the situation around the project at the present time.

Abstract. The article analyzes a new monograph on the communication between A.I. Herzen and N.A. Belogolovyi in the 1860s. Belogolovyi was a doctor and a political and social journalist as well as a moderate narodnik. The article highlights the relevance of the study in question as in the post-Soviet historiography the problems of the revolutionary-democratic movement’s history have been overlooked both in pre-revolutionary Russia and the period of the Great Reforms in particular. The book is examined in accordance with its structure. Each of the three meetings between Herzen and Belogolovyi was meaningful. They were connected both to a particular time with its socio-political specifics, and to other figures directly or indirectly involved in the communication of the main figures of the book. It’s concluded that each of the three meetings was determined by the current situation in Russia, which, in turn, directly influenced the perception of Herzen in the country as the main political emigrant of that epoch. The article argues that the material presented in the book allows to conclude that over the course of the meetings, the image of Herzen was changing. As a result, Belogolovyi could see him in a demythologized and humanized way.

Abstract. The article deals with the position of Sweden on the issue of the Congolese crisis in the early 1960s. Stockholm, striving for more than a hundred years to follow a policy of neutrality, followed developments on the world stage with particular attention. In the early 1960s there was a conflict in the Congo, where the centers of the bipolar system defended their interests: the USA and the USSR. Sweden, in turn, sought to take the position of a non-bloc state. However, at the beginning of the conflict, the Swedish leadership was faced with the question of providing military forces for the UN mission to resolve the conflict, a proposal for which came from UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld. At that time, Sweden had experience of participating in the peacekeeping mission of the Organization in the Suez crisis, which, however, did not become a contradiction to the non-bloc foreign policy of Stockholm. At the same time, unlike the Suez crisis, the solution of the Congolese issue dragged on for several years, becoming a kind of test of the strength of Swedish neutrality and its non-alignment, and also necessitated Sweden maneuvering between the centers of the two blocs. Sweden’s position on the issue of the Congolese crisis was not previously considered in detail, however, in connection with the dispatch of Swedish volunteers to the Congo, the decision-making process by the leadership of Sweden regarding the Congolese problem is of particular interest. Documents of the meetings of the Security Council and the UN General Assembly and resolutions on the Congolese problem were used to reveal the topic. The author refers to the minutes of the meetings of the Swedish Riksdag (Riksdagens protokoll), which make it possible to determine the position of Swedish political circles on the events in the Congo, government documents and speeches by the Swedish leadership. The article uses documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation on Moscow’s position regarding the actions of Stockholm and D. Hammarskjöld. These sources help to reveal Sweden’s position on the Congolese crisis.

Abstract The article considers the development of military exercises of the Collective Rapid Reaction Forces “Interaction” as one of the components of the military construction of the CSTO. The beginning of the military exercises “Interaction in 2009 took place in the conditions of economic contradictions between Russia and Belarus, Uzbekistan’s refusal to sign an Agreement on CSR and to participate in the exercises. The exercises were held at the military ranges of the CSTO member states, but recently special attention has been paid to the Tajik-Afghan border due to the complexity of the military-political situation in neighboring Afghanistan. The dynamics of the military exercises “Interaction” shows that during them much attention was paid to the coherence of interaction between the various branches of the armed forces and national formations of the CSTO member countries. During the exercises, the latest types of weapons, including drones, are used, methods of psychological surgery are being practiced, which meets the conditions of modern armed conflicts.

Abstract. Objective. To reveal the specifics of establishing multifaceted humanitarian and trade and economic cooperation between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United States of America. Methods. A study of the development of relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United States of America after the collapse of the USSR. Results. The previously practically unexplored topic is reflected in detail, namely, the establishment and expansion of cooperation in the humanitarian and socio-economic spheres between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United States of America. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the specifics of establishing a multifaceted humanitarian and trade and economic cooperation between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United States of America are comprehensively disclosed. The practical significance of the results lies in the fact that studying the peculiarities of the relationship between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United States of America can be in demand when writing generalizing works on the history of international relations, diplomacy, foreign regional studies, foreign policy of Tajikistan, as well as when preparing educational and methodological manuals, reading general and special university courses.

Abstract. This article discusses the application of the Kenefin D. Snowden model as a tool for the implementation of wise humanity in an organization. The model of wise humanity in the organization is presented as a matrix of the landscape of human relations measured in terms of attitudes towards another group, boss, colleagues, and oneself. A diagnostic complex is substantiated for assessing the components of the model: humanity, wisdom, motivation, organizational culture, climate, professional status and professional identity of the personnel. The analysis was carried out in the context of the Kenefin D. Snowden model. Conclusions are drawn about the possibilities of using the Kenefin D. Snowden model as a tool for implementing wise humanity in an organization in the management of organizations.

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to assess the possibility of using the “entropy” approach in calculating the dynamics of small groups, taking into account the conditions of a digitalized society. The analysis of categories of order/disorder was used to substantiate the entropy approach in the calculations of social dynamics. The use of trinary logic and the “quantum” approach in computational algorithms is substantiated. The use of entropy according to K. Shannon is substantiated both as a calculated parameter and an analysis tool, and as a methodological basis for mathematical modeling. Using the example of a small group, a method is presented using information entropy as a parameter that allows you to calculate the change in socio-psychological characteristics in the process of team development, in a digitalized society. The presented approach is considered as a way to a new methodology of entropy (energy) analysis on the problematic field of social psychology, taking into account the conditions of a digitalized society with a high content of highly connected information systems. The proposed solutions allow solving the problems of optimizing the formation of teams, taking into account the dynamic features of modern society.

Abstract. Research methodology is a rather complex issue of the organization of scientific knowledge. It is especially difficult to ensure the reliability of research results in such a subjective field of perception and understanding as art in general and musical art in particular. The situation is even more complicated with such a phenomenon as self-education, since it is not only a form of independent educational activity, but also a process of self-formation, self-organization of the “person” system, with such immanently inherent elements as experience, historical and cultural self-identification, spirituality, morality, value system, etc. The article, based on modern national works on philosophy, pedagogy, musicology, presents an analysis of methodological problems in person cognition as a unique system in the context of musical and pedagogical activity, identifies current research trends, identifies the possibilities of modern science in cognition of the phenomenon of self-education. It is determined that the most adequate methodological position in the study of the phenomenon in the field of music pedagogy is the synergetic approach.

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the fundamental connection between information and consciousness. The plurality of interpretations of the concept of information makes it difficult to find a universal definition, which necessitates an interdisciplinary study of information as a phenomenon. The concept of information as a form of manifestation of energy is taken as a methodological basis, which allows integrating psychological and natural science approaches and considering the problem at the microlevels. Within the framework of the scientific direction “cognitive informatics” developed by the author, a physical and psychological analysis of the phenomenon of information is given from the standpoint of its energy nature, the mechanism of manifestation, the interdependence of information and consciousness. The necessity of taking into account the role of the consciousness of the observer (recipient) in the formation of images of the physical world, as well as the reasons that exclude the objectivity of the individual picture of the world, is emphasized. The analysis of information processes in consciousness from the standpoint of system entropy revealed a contradiction in the definition of information entropy by K. Shannon. An analytical study made it possible to reveal the mutual conditioning of information and consciousness, which gives grounds to formulate a statement about the cognitive essence of informatics as a science of information processes. The necessity of developing a new scientific direction “cognitive informatics” based on the synthesis of informatics and psychology is substantiated.

Abstract. The proposed article is devoted to identifying the role of traditional Chinese musical culture in primary school music textbooks currently used in China. Traditional culture is the basis of the outstanding culture of the country for many centuries. She is the root of all Chinese culture and nation. In the process of music education of children in the basic education stage, music textbooks, as an important information carrier, play an important role in spreading the excellent traditional Chinese culture, as well as the outstanding ethnic traditions of the Chinese people and other peoples of the world. The inclusion of traditional culture and world ethnic music in primary and secondary school music textbooks helps children better inherit the nation’s outstanding traditional culture and understand the diversity of world musical culture. The article deals with the content of traditional Chinese musical culture in the People’s Music publishing house’s music textbook, which is widely used in Chinese elementary school music classes. Based on the volume, type and form of the repertoire included in the textbook, we will summarize and compare Chinese national songs, national musical instruments, opera music, traditional songs and dances, etc. This will help in the future more effective integration of traditional and modern musical culture in school music textbooks.

Abstract. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of training programs for specialists in physical culture and sports in the countries of the Scandinavian region. The results of a comparative analysis of the content of professional training of specialists in physical culture and sports in the universities of Finland, Sweden and Norway are presented. The similarities and differences in the training of physical culture specialists in the universities of the countries of the Scandinavian region are considered. As the main source of information, the author uses the training programs for physical education specialists in the universities of Finland, Sweden and Norway, the legal framework for vocational education in these countries, various additional resources, such as educational materials, books, websites, educational documents and etc.

Abstract. The article analyzes the impact of sanctions on the transformation of the labor market. The introduction of sanctions against the Russian Federation leads to the need to replace, first of all, competencies through the development of human capital. There will be a growing demand for technological, social, emotional and other higher cognitive skills. The article identifies the main trends in the labor market. Industries that are experiencing a shortage of personnel before the imposition of sanctions are identified, which requires special attention to them. Analyzed the situation associated with the outflow of IT professionals. Based on the construction of import substitution scenarios and the analysis of the trade balance of the Russian Federation, forecasts of demand for highly skilled labor in the sectoral and professional context are constructed. The nature of changes in the labor market will depend on the import substitution strategy chosen by the state, where two options are possible – direct or export-oriented import substitution. The need to transform industries will lead to an increase in demand for engineers, especially in the manufacturing industry, metallurgy, and the military industry. The need for import substitution in the IT sector will lead to an increase in demand for these specialists and specialists in the field of digital transformations. The trend for the next few years will be the lag of wage indexation from inflation and a decrease as a result of the quality of life. At the same time, employment will be maintained, including through part-time employment. Informal employment will increase. At the same time, maintaining employment and refusing to index wages will delay the processes of structural adjustment of the labor market.

Abstract. The aim of given reseacher appear factor analysis the methods “Research of the characteristics of male and female subjects”. Exploitation the methods foundation to reseacher and analysis category subjects, that reflekt in force transform nature personality. Subject personality determine from quality subject of personality. The methods direction on exposure differences in grade expressed quality subject of personality. To process reseacher exist determine particularly the design of the methods in assistance factor analysis by the main component method with Varimax-rotation of the matrix realize in applied packet programme SPSS for Windows (version 13.0). Factor analysis allow determine factor structure the methods and conformity criterions reliability. Criterion Kaiser – Meyer –Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy to indicate high applicability factor analysis, Barlett’s Test of sphericity – stability exposure correlation connection, Cumulative % correspond normalize index’s dispersion sings in factors the methods. For receipt simple and steady factor structure exist make use of method Barlett for calculation and evaluation factors coefficients. In result factor analysis in the male selection stand out 4 factor, ah in the female selection – 5 factor. The individual differences in characteristics of subject personality in the affirmations of the methods be revealed of the U-criterion the Mann-Whitney Criterion, Kolmogorova-Smirnova two-sample. To process reseacher establish that subject of personality have gender differences, and the factor structure of the methods caused by manifestations of male and female subject personality.

Abstract. In the article, the author refers to the experience of musicians-teachers of the past, to historical concepts, many provisions of which still arouse interest today, allow finding new solutions to complex musical and pedagogical problems, and sometimes, on the contrary, force a modern musician to think about how and why there is a revival of ideas that have long been refuted by time. The pedagogical system of I.B. Lozhye and the conditions of its implementation in the conditions of modern musical professional education are analyzed. According to the author, an important pedagogical condition for improving the system of professional music education at the present stage is the creation of an atmosphere of creative communication, creative dialogue. The concept of creative dialogue is the foundation on which the profession is built, which allows us to consider creative dialogue as an obligatory component in the implementation of the musical and pedagogical process.

Abstract. The Internet has firmly entered the life of a modern teenager, who spends a significant part of his time in the online space in order to realize his interests and tasks: educational, creative, entertaining, communication. At the same time, the development of digital technologies, round-the-clock accessibility of the Internet from anywhere in the world, the ability to remain unrecognizable, the transformation of moral attitudes have led to the emergence of various forms of cybercrime against children and adolescents.

In recent years, minors, for whom communication is one of the most important activities, in the process of communication in the Internet space are increasingly faced with cyber aggression, which has an extremely negative impact on their psycho-emotional and physical condition. It is not only about depression, loss of interest in life, study, manifestation of aggression, but also about suicidal thoughts and attempts.

Due to the fact that children are most vulnerable during adolescence, they are easily targeted for cyberbullying. With the development of digital technologies, forms of aggression on the Internet are becoming more diverse and sophisticated, so it is extremely important to protect minors from online bullying and thereby maintain their mental and physical health. The most effective ways in this problem are preventive measures aimed at preventing cyber aggression, cultivating a culture of media consumption, teaching children digital competencies that will allow minors to recognize a cyber threat and take adequate measures to stop online bullying.

As practice shows, a child is not able to cope with the problem of bullying on the Internet on his own, and in this regard, the role of parents and teachers, who can timely see changes in the child’s behavior, identify the problem and provide the necessary assistance, should be especially noted.

Abstract. The article discusses the features of the development of children’s musicality in the process of choreographic training in the direction of “classical ballet” in the Wang Han Private Dance School (China). The author refers to the concept of musicality in general, as well as to the understanding of musicality in the context of the choreographic training of children. The essence of the development of musicality in the process of choreographic training lies in the development of the ability to reproduce the versatility and completeness of the musical image by means of dance plasticity. The development of musicality occurs gradually, each stage of this process has its own specific features, primarily age-related, which determine differences in the ability to perceive certain aspects of the content of the musical component of the dance.

Abstract. The article considers the orientation of the piano class educational process in music schools of the People’s Republic of China on the development of creative thinking of students. This process is didactically related to encouraging students to think independently about emerging technological problems, stimulating interest in finding methods of solving them jointly with the teacher. From the position of performance, actualizing the creative thinking of novice pianists, the teacher focuses on the development of emotional expression and artistic qualities in his pupils in playing the instrument, combining performing skills with the artistic connotation of musical works. The issues of stimulating the imagination of students, the needs of personal understanding of music through emotions, the use of special inducing questions, homework to consolidate the knowledge gained and develop the creative potential of students, as well as improving the assessment system are touched upon. The development of creative thinking in the piano class is conditioned by the need to comply with a number of pedagogical conditions in the educational process. For example, accurate diagnosis of the individual abilities of a novice pianist, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of his performing psychological and physiological potential, clear goal-setting of training, determining possible means of pedagogical influence, as well as studying the effectiveness of the teacher and the dynamics of creative development of students. After that, the teacher outlines the individual trajectory of the piano formation of his pupils in the information and educational space being created, combining classroom and extracurricular content into a single system, taking into account appropriate pedagogical technologies and increasing requirements for the content of piano education.

Abstract. In the article, the author refers to the origins of Chinese singing performing art, considers the history of the formation of the European tradition of academic singing in the education of China and highlights the features of the development of this direction of vocal performance. The reforms and changes that took place in China in the course of historical development, especially at the beginning of the 20th century, launched the process of intensification of political, economic and cultural ties, influenced all spheres of society, served as an impetus for increased interaction and interpenetration of cultures, including the emergence of new directions, trends and genres in Chinese musical art. As a result, the Chinese school of academic vocals was formed, transmitting the established traditions in modern music education.

Abstract. The aim of the work is to confirm the hypothesis put forward by the authors that the individual psychological characteristics of a person, namely, adequately high self-esteem and the level of claims, as well as the motivation to achieve success, significantly affect the increase in the efficiency of performing control functions in managing an organization.

For the study of individual psychological characteristics, self-assessment tests according to Dembo-Rubinshtein, motivational test by A.A. Reana and the author’s questionnaire “Control in the organization”.

It has been established that only employees with adequate personal self-esteem can comfortably perceive control management functions in the organization. Employees with “Success Motivation” rate the effectiveness of the control function in their organization more highly, while employees with “Failure Avoidance Motivation”, on the contrary, are not very satisfied with the level of control.

Abstract. The article presents the results of an empirical study, the purpose of which was to identify the features of the relationship between tolerance for uncertainty, stress resistance and response to stress in older adolescents. The study involved 620 adolescents aged 16 to 17 years. The study was conducted in an online format using online tests: the questionnaire “Tolerance to Uncertainty” (T.V. Kornilova), the test for stress resistance (Yu.V. Shcherbatykh), the questionnaire “Reactions to Stress” (S. Hobfall, adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova and E.S. Starchenkova). As a result of statistical processing of empirical data, it was revealed that both tolerance and intolerance to uncertainty significantly affect the manifestation of stress resistance, determining the nature of adolescents’ response to stressful situations. Intolerance to uncertainty determines the stability of the reaction to stress: the choice of constructive strategies for overcoming stressful situations, focused on social support and a clear understanding of the boundaries of one’s responsibility. Tolerance to uncertainty allows teenagers to go beyond the known constructive ways of coping with stress and find the best ways out of a difficult life situation. Destructive coping strategies, as well as a low level of stress resistance, are typical for those adolescents who do not have either tolerance or intolerance to uncertainty, which leads to the actualization of the risk of deterioration in their mental health in situations of uncertainty.

Abstract. At the moment, achievement motivation is a very relevant problem in connection with the orientation of modern society towards success. The very nature of achievement motivation, the components that characterize it, indicate that it effectively influences the formation of personality and, therefore, is an important means of achieving educational and professional goals. Consequently, one of the tasks of the education system is to create conditions for motivating students in order to achieve constructive, positive results in their educational and professional activities. Motivation is perhaps one of the most important success factors in life. Motivation is a component that everyone should have in order to achieve their goals, without motivation there is no desire to achieve their own goals. This is a necessary condition and a factor that encourages action. Achievement motivation is defined as the need for achievement and is an important determinant of drive, effort, and perseverance when an individual expects his performance to be judged against some standard of excellence.

Another key aspect is the concept that achievement motivation stems from two separate needs. One is the achievement motivation and is associated with the desire to achieve successful goals, and the other is the motive to avoid failure.

Abstract. The low level of compliance in various diseases can be one of the reasons for the high level of complications, deterioration in the quality of life and mortality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that post-traumatic stress has a profound negative impact on the psychological safety and well-being of a person, affects the level of physical and social activity, causes a loss of interest in activities that were previously important for a person, reduces the desire to take care of one’s physical and mental health. which can also affect the level of compliance. Empirical research was conducted using the Individual Typological Questionnaire, Integrative Anxiety Test, Personality Questionnaire of the Bechterev Institute, the Questionnaire “Attitude to Health” and the short form of the Questionnaire “Compliance Level”. To divide the sample into the main group (40 people) and the comparison group (62 people), the Traumatic Situation Questionnaire (LEQ), the SHOVTS method, and the Mississippi scale were used. For statistical processing, Fisher’s exact test, Ch. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used. The results obtained indicate inconsistency in the personality structure of young people with post-traumatic stress. On the one hand, they value their health, worry a lot about it and strive to feel good, enjoy this state. On the other hand, the subjects under investigation are not ready for purposeful actions to maintain their health, they can be condescending to the doctor’s recommendations and often react unreasonably to their illness, thereby delaying the moment of recovery, which indicates the need for psycho-corrective measures.

Abstract. This article discusses such a psychological phenomenon as creative thinking, which is currently gaining popularity. Blended learning provides additional opportunities in the development of creative thinking, which are not always realized in traditional learning. The paper provides an analysis of the research of creative thinking presented in foreign and domestic psychological schools. The dynamics of the development of creative thinking throughout the life of an individual, including periods of decline and increase in the level of creative thinking, is considered, and the reasons for this phenomenon. The developments carried out within the traditions of L.S. Vygotsky cultural-historical theory, A.N. Leontiev procedural-activity approach and the ideas of creative constructivism. The paper describes the methods and techniques of diagnosis, correction and development of creative thinking carried out with the participation of the author. The text examines the model of creative thinking development and describes the levels of creative thinking (pre-professional, basic, professorial, mentor). The last part of the article presents general recommendations for the development of creative thinking, age, cultural, intellectual (a certain level of education, knowledge, skills, life experience of participants) groups. In conclusion, I would like to note that the study of creative thinking is particularly relevant as a tendency to contrast the technologization of many processes of modern society.

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the training process of handball players on the functional state and physical fitness during their stay in the mountains and in the subsequent period of readaptation. Materials and methods. The study involved 12 handball players. The initial data were obtained in Bishkek during a three-week stay in the middle mountains (2000 m) and after the athletes returned to the foothills. During their stay in the mountains, the motor mode of the athletes did not differ significantly from the habitual one in the conditions of the foothills. Testing of the level of physical fitness was carried out in the foothills, on the 4th and 19th days of stay in the middle mountains and on the 5th–6th, 18th–19th and 25th–26th days of the readaptation period. The medical and biological part of the study was carried out in the foothills before leaving for the mountains and on days 6–7 and 20–21 of the readaptation period. The athletes were assessed the state of respiratory function, cardiorespiratory system and the level of maximum oxygen consumption. Results. Training in the middle mountains contributed to the improvement of results in all test exercises that characterize the level of physical fitness of handball players. During the three-week readaptation period, the results were maintained and further improved in most test exercises.

During the readaptation period, an increase in external respiration reserves, a positive trend in aerobic performance, and an optimization of the cardiovascular system were observed. Conclusions. Training in mid-altitude conditions contributes to an increase in the level of general and special physical fitness of handball players, provides an increase in the aerobic performance of the body, expands the reserves of the cardiorespiratory system of handball players, and economizes functions when performing cyclic work at the level of the IPC.